by 和by the end of的意思不同。

by的意思是通过:He arrived at the solution by a simple process of deduction.他通过一番简单的推理得出了解决问题的方法。by the end of的意思是到…结束时。例句:By the end of the evening she had abandoned all pretence of being interested.到晚会结束时，她已将假装的兴趣抛得一干二净。